ABSTRACT
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is well known to negatively regulate T cells responses,but its role in burn-induced T cells immune suppression remains unclear.In the present study,in order to identify the relationship between Tim-3 expression and post-bum T cells immune suppression,C57BL/6 mice were subjected to bum injury or sham injury,and the liver and spleen were harvested at the day 1 after operation.The expression level of Tim-3 on hepatic or splenic T cells and the functional properties of Tim-3+ T cells were evaluated.It was found burn injury induced dramatically elevated Tim-3 expression on both hepatic and splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in contrast with the post-burn depletion of T cells.Furthermore,Tim-3 expression was correlated with the suppressive phenotype of T cells following burn injury,including increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10,decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α,reduced T cell proliferation and elevated co-expression of Tim-3 and PD-1.Moreover,Tim-3+ T cells subsets were more prone to spontaneous apoptosis than Tim-3 T cells subsets.Our findings reinforce the idea that the up-regulated expression of Tim-3 on T cells after bum injury plays an important role in the development and maintenance of burn-induced T cell immune suppression.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish a quantifiable and easily manipulable mouse model of liver regeneration by partial hepateetomy, so as to provide a basis for investigating the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of liver regeneration. Methods: Normal adult CS 7BL/ 6 mice were fixed by cardiac perfusion, the liver lobes were dissected and weighed, and the prupurtiuns uf each lube were calculated. Under anesthetic and sterile condition, partial hepatectomy was performed by removing the left lateral, left middle,and right middle liver lobes in turn to establish the regeneration model. The activation of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene in the regenerating liver was dynamically monitored by real-time PCR analysis. Results: The left lateral, left ddle,and right middle liver lobes together accounted for approximately 70% of the total liver weight. The animals survived and lived well after removal of the three lobes in turn. RT PCR showed that AFF expression was activated in the regenerating livers. Conclusion: We have successfully established the mouse model of liver regeneration by consecutive partial hepatectomy. This method can quantify the heptectomy and is easy to perform,which lays a foundation for studying liver regeneration in mice.
ABSTRACT
In order to summarize the clinical diagnosis and treatment methods for 42 cases of mul- tiple injuries with pancreatic injury, a retrospective analysis on 42 cases of multiple injuries with pancreatic injury from January 1990 to January 2006 was carded out in our hospital. Most cases were associated with hemopneumothorax and rib fractures (52.3%), shock (50%), multiple fractures (47.6%), and severe brain injury (26.1%). In 42 cases, one case died of severe hemorrhagic shock, and the remaining 41 cases (97.6%) were cured (including 40 cases receiving surgical operation and one case receiving the conservative treatment). Postoperative complications occurred in 16 cases (21 cases/times): pancreatic fistula (5 cases/times) and incisional wound infection (5 cases/times), in- tra-abdominal infection (3 cases/times), stress ulcer (3 cases/times), pleural effusion (3 cases/times), pulmonary infection (one case) and wound dehiscence (1 case). The principle therapy of multiple in- juries with pancreatic injury is to rescue life, followed by active treatment to prevent injuries which giving rise to the abnormal respiratory and circulatory functions, management of cerebral hernia and other injuries which endangers life at last, and the pancreatic injury to increase the survival rate and survival quality.